Cracking Process Analysis with Raman Spectroscopy

Cracking is achieved using a combination of heat, pressure, catalysts, and sometimes hydrogen. The most common types of cracking processes in complex refineries include:

• Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC): Primarily used to produce high-octane gasoline and valuable olefins, FCC units process heavier gas oils into lighter hydrocarbons through the use of a powdered catalyst in a fluidized state.
• Hydrocracking: Combining cracking with hydrogenation, hydrocracking produces ultra-clean fuels such as jet fuel, diesel, and naphtha. This process not only breaks down heavy molecules but also removes impurities like sulfur and nitrogen, making it critical for meeting stringent environmental regulations.

Cracking is not the only method of crude oil conversion, but it plays a central role in maximizing the yield of valuable products while reducing reliance on heavy residual fractions. The ability to monitor and control the composition of feedstocks and products in real-time is essential for optimizing these processes.