Raman Analyzers for Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking (FCC)

The FCC is a cornerstone of modern refining, widely regarded as the most important process for converting low-value heavy oils into more valuable products. Capable of converting 75% or more of heavy oils into gasoline and lighter gases, FCC plays a critical role in maximizing profitability, especially in markets that favor gasoline production over diesel.

The FCC process relies on a continuous cycle where a fine catalyst is used to break down heavy hydrocarbons in the reactor. During this process, carbon, or coke, forms on the catalyst particles, rapidly reducing their activity. To maintain performance, the coke is burned off in the regenerator before the catalyst is returned to the reactor. This constant movement of the catalyst and hydrocarbons creates a fluid-like mixture that rises through the reactor to facilitate cracking.

In addition to producing gasoline, the FCC process also generates lighter hydrocarbons and other intermediate streams like naphtha, light cycle oil (LCO), and heavy cycle oil, all of which require precise control to meet changing market demands and refinery goals.